GIFT  OF 


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Visit  of  the 

British  Educational 
Mission 

To  the  United  States 

October  -  December 

1918 


Visit  of  the 
British  Educational  Mission 

t 

To  the  United  States 

October -December,   1918 


the  invitation  of  the  Council  of  National 
Defense,  the  British  Government  has  sent 
to  the  United  States  a  distinguished  Mission  to  in- 
quire into  the  best  means  of  procuring  closer  co- 
operation between  British  and  American  educa- 
tional institutions,  to  the  end,  greatly  desired  on 
both  sides,  of  making  increasingly  firm  the  bonds 
of  sympathy  and  understanding  that  now  unite  the 
English-speaking  world. 


BRITISH    BUREAU   OF   INFORMATION 

511  FIFTH  AVENUE 

NEW  YORK  CITY 


MEMBERS  OF  THE  MISSION 


DR.  ARTHUR  EVERETT  SHIPLEY 

Vice-Chancellor  of  the  University  of  Cambridge,  Master  of  Christ's 
College  and  Reader  in  Zoology 

SIR  HENRY  MIERS 

Vice-Chancellor  of  the  University  of  Manchester  and  Professor  of 

Crystallography 

THE  REV.  EDWARD  MEWBURN  WALKER 

Fellow,  Senior  Tutor,  and  Librarian  of  Queen's  College,  Member  of 
the  Hebdomadal  Council,  Oxford  University 

SIR  HENRY  JONES 
Professor  of  Moral  Philosophy,  University  of  Glasgow 

DR.  JOHN  JOLY 

Professor  of  Geology  and  Mineralogy,  Trinity  College,  Dublin 

MISS  CAROLINE  SPURGEON 

Professor   of    English    Literature,    Bedford    College,   University   of 

London 

MISS  ROSE  SIDGWICK 

Lecturer  on  Ancient  History,  University  of  Birmingham 


3 

384466 


RECEPTION   COMMITTEE 

OF   THE 

AMERICAN  COUNCIL  ON  EDUCATION 


AT  the  request  of  the  Council  of  National  Defense,  the  Amer- 
ican Council  on  Education  has  undertaken  to  make  all  the  ar- 
rangements for  the  reception  of  these  very  welcome  guests,  and  has 
invited  the  following  representative  citizens  to  serve  as  an  Honorary 
Reception  Committee: 

HON.  ELIHU  ROOT,  Chairman 
THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR 

THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR 

THE  COMMISSIONER  OF  EDUCATION 

THE  CHAIRMAN  OF  THE  COMMITTEE  ON  ENGINEERING  AND  EDU- 
CATION OF  THE  COUNCIL  OF  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 
HON.  JAMES  M.  BECK 
CHARLES  A.  COFFIN,  ESQ. 
JUDGE  ELBERT  H.  GARY 
HON.  JAMES  W.  GERARD 

His  EMINENCE  CARDINAL  GIBBONS 
FAIRFAX  HARRISON,  ESQ. 

WILLIAM  DEAN  HOWELLS,  ESQ. 

HON.  CHARLES  E.  HUGHES 

OTTO  H.  KAHN,  ESQ. 

RT.  REV.  WILLIAM  LAWRENCE 
SENATOR  HENRY  CABOT  LODGE 
REV.  SHAILER  MATTHEWS 

J.  PIERPONT  MORGAN,  ESQ. 
HON.  HENRY  MORGENTHAU 
JUDGE  ALTON  B.  PARKER 

MAJOR  GEORGE  HAVEN  PUTNAM 
JOHN  D.  ROCKEFELLER,  JR.,  ESQ. 
COL.  THEODORE  ROOSEVELT 
CHARLES  M.  SCHWAB,  ESQ. 
MAJOR  JAMES  BROWN  SCOTT 
SENATOR  HOKE  SMITH 
HON.  WILLIAM  H.  TAFT 
FRANK  A.  VANDERLIP,  ESQ. 
CHAPLAIN  HENRY  VAN  DYKE 

LIEUT.  COL.  WILLIAM  H.  WELCH 
4 


RECEPTION  COMMITTEE— Continued 

PRESIDENT  EDWIN  A.  ALDERMAN 
PRESIDENT  GUY  POTTER  BENTON 
PRESIDENT  WILLIAM  L.  BRYAN 

PRESIDENT  MARION  LsRoY  BURTON 

PRESIDENT  NICHOLAS  MURRAY  BUTLER 
DR.  WALLACE  BUTTRICK 
DR.  CHARLES  W.  ELIOT 

DEAN  VIRGINIA  C.  GILDERSLEEVE 
PRESIDENT  FRANK  J.  GOODNOW 
PRESIDENT  ARTHUR  T.  HADLEY 
PRESIDENT  JOHN  GRIER  HIBBEN 
PRESIDENT  ALBERT  Ross  HILL 
PRESIDENT  HARRY  B.  HUTCHINS 
PRESIDENT  EDMUND   J.   JAMES 
PRESIDENT  A.  LAWRENCE  LOWELL 
PRESIDENT  RICHARD  C.  MACLAURIN 
PRESIDENT  ALEXANDER  MEIKLEJOHN 
PRESIDENT  ELLEN  F.  PENDLETON 
DR.  HENRY  S.  PRITCHETT 

PRESIDENT  JACOB  GOULD  SCHURMAN 

RT.  REV.  THOMAS  J.   SHAHAN 

PROVOST  EDGAR  F.  SMITH 

PRESIDENT  M.  CAREY  THOMAS 

PRESIDENT  CHARLES   R.   VAN   HISE 
DR.  GEORGE  E.  VINCENT 

PRESIDENT  BENJAMIN  IDE  WHEELER 
DR.  ROBERT  S.  WOODWARD 

PRESIDENT  MARY  E.  WOOLLEY 

The  following  have  been  designated  as  the  Committee  in  Charge : 

PRESIDENT  DONALD  J.  COWLING,   Chairman 
PROFESSOR  WILLIAM   H.   SCHOFIELD,  Secretary 

DEAN  HERMAN  V.  AMES 

DEAN  JAMES  B.  ANGELL 

PROFESSOR  FRANK  AYDELOTTE 
DR.  SAMUEL  P.  CAPEN 

PRESIDENT  FREDERICK  C.  FERRY 

PROFESSOR  J.  F.  FOAKES  JACKSON 

PRESIDENT  FRANK  L.  McVEY 


ITINERARY 

The  proposed  itinerary  of  the  Mission  follows: 

October         8-14— New  York 

15_17_Washington  (Mt.  Veraon) 

18— Baltimore 

19-21— Philadelphia  (Bryn  Mawr,  Haverford) 
22-23— Princeton 

24— New  York   (Vassar) 
25-26— New  Haven 

27— Amherst,  Smith,  Mt.  Holyoke 
28-30— Boston  and  Cambridge   (Wellesley) 
31- 
November          2 — Montreal  (Ottawa) 

3-  5 — Toronto  (Niagara  Falls) 
6— Ann  Arbor 

7-12 — Chicago  (Urbana,  Evanston) 
13-14— Madison 
15-17 — Minneapolis  and   St.   Paul 

18 — Des  Moines  (Ames) 
19-20— St.  Louis 
21 — Cincinnati 
22 — Lexington,  Ky. 
23— (Louisville) 
24— Nashville 
"          25-28 — New  Orleans  (Houston,  Austin) 
29-30— Tuskegee 

31— Chapel  Hill 
December  1 — Charlottesville 

2 — Washington 

4-  7 — Boston  and  Cambridge 


CONFERENCES 

All  the  Mission  are  invited  to  participate  in  a  meeting  of  the 
National  Association  of  State  Universities  in  Chicago  on  November 
eleventh  and  twelfth,  and,  finally,  in  meetings  of  the  Association  of 
American  Universities  and  the  Society  for  the  Promotion  of 
Engineering  Education  at  Harvard  University  and  the  Massachusetts 
Institute  of  Technology  from  December  fourth  to  eighth. 

MAIL 

Communications  for  or  regarding  the  Mission  may  be  addressed : 
"Care  Professor  W.  H.  Schofield,  576  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York." 


BRIEF    BIOGRAPHIES    OF    MEMBERS 
OF  THE    MISSION 


DR.  ARTHUR  EVERETT  SHIPLEY 

ARTHUR  EVERETT  SHIPLEY,  Sc.D.,  Vice-Chancellor  of 
the  University  of  Cambridge,  is  well  known  in  the  United 
States,  in  which  he  has  on  several  occasions  been  an  honoured  guest. 
He  is  an  honourary  D.Sc.  of  Princeton  University,  Foreign  Member 
of  the  American  Association  of  Economic  Entomologists  and  of  the 
Helminthological  Society  of  Washington.  Dr.  Shipley  is  a  member 
of  the  Central  Medical  War  Committee  of  Great  Britain.  He 
holds  many  offices  of  great  responsibility,  being,  for  example,  a 
Trustee  of  the  great  collection  of  specimens  illustrative  of  many 
branches  of  science  which  was  made  by  John  Hunter,  purchased 
by  the  Government  after  his  death  in  1793,  and  presented  to  the 
Royal  College  of  Surgeons;  a  Trustee  of  the  Tancred  Foundation 
established  by  Christopher  Tancred  (1689-1754)  of  Whixley  Hall 
in  the  County  of  York,  to  provide  Studentships  in  Divinity  and 
in  Physic;  a  Trustee  of  the  Beit  Memorial  Fund  for  Fellowships 
for  Medical  Research;  Chairman  of  the  Council  of  the  Marine 
Biological  Association ;  Vice-President  of  the  Linnaean  Society ;  mem- 
ber of  the  Royal  Commission  on  the  Civil  Service.  In  1887  he  was 
sent  to  the  Bermudas  by  the  Colonial  Office  to  investigate  a  plant 
disease.  He  was  also  commissioned  by  the  British  Government  to 
investigate  grouse  disease,  and  the  volume  on  Grouse  in  Health  and 
Disease  which  he  published  records  many  observations  regarding  the 
pathology  of  birds.  He  is  a  Fellow  of  the  Royal  Society. 

Dr.  Shipley's  writings  on  many  branches  of  zoology  and  other 
subjects,  historical,  architectural  and  biographical,  are  too  numerous 
for  mention.  They  include  several  standard  text-books  of  zoology. 
The  study  of  parasitical  animals  is  his  especial  hobby.  Since  the 
commencement  of  the  War  he  has  written  two  books  of  extraordinary 
interest  and  humour,  on  a  subject  which,  if  less  skilfully  handled, 
would  be  generally  regarded  as  repulsive — lice,  bugs,  fleas  and  flies 


— little  animals  which  in  all  former  wars  have  contributed  to  the 
failure  of  armies  in  almost  as  large  a  measure  as  swords  or  guns. 
But  for  recent  knowledge  of  their  habits  the  havoc  which  they 
have  worked  in  this  war,  already  sufficiently  serious,  might  have 
been  the  determining  factor.  "The  Minor  Horrors  of  War"  and 
"More  Minor  Horrors"  are  books  which  may  be  read  with  pleasure 
by  the  least  scientifically  inclined  of  men  and  women. 

As  Master  of  Christ's  College,  Dr.  Shipley  inhabits  a  "Lodge" 
which  the  Foundress  the  Lady  Margaret,  mother  of  Henry  VII., 
once  occupied.  The  Lodge,  like  all  similar  houses,  had  been  altered 
to  suit  the  taste  of  each  succeeding  age.  The  new  Master  immediately 
after  his  election  devoted  much  money  and  antiquarian  knowledge 
to  its  restoration  to  something  like  its  original  condition.  Soon 
after  the  commencement  of  the  War  he  turned  the  house  into  a 
convalescent  home  for  wounded  officers,  several  hundreds  of  whom 
have  since  lived  with  him.  In  other  forms  of  war  work  he  has 
also  been  very  active,  especially  in  the  collection  of  clothes  for  Belgian 
refugees,  and  the  maintenance  and  education  of  Serbian  boys,  for 
which  the  members  of  the  University,  with  great  generosity,  made 
themselves  responsible. 


SIR  HENRY  MIERS 

SIR  HENRY  MIERS  was  born  in  South  America,  where  his 
father  was   an   engineer    (as  his  grandfather  had   been  before 
him),  but  was  brought  to  England  at  the  age  of  two.     One  of 
his    great-grandfathers   was   Francis    Place,    the   self-educated    poli- 
tician who  was  a  leader  in  the  reforms  of  1824-1841. 

He  was  educated  at  a  private  school  near  Oxford,  where  among 
his  schoolfellows  were  the  late  Lord  Parker  of  Waddington,  and 
George  Macmillan,  whose  firm  is  well  known  in  the  United  States. 
Thence  he  went  with  a  scholarship  to  Eton,  and  was  there  for 
five  years.  The  course  at  Eton  was  almost  purely  classical,  but 
Miers  did  a  considerable  amount  of  science  and  mathematics  out 
of  hours,  winning  school  prizes  in  these  subjects  among  others.  He 
also  won  the  Gold  Medal  in  Geography  offered  at  that  time  by  the 
Geographical  Society  for  competition  among  public  schools;  among 
the  honourably  mentioned  on  that  occasion  was  his  schoolfellow  Cecil 
Spring-Rice,  afterwards  Ambassador  to  the  United  States.  Lord 
Curzon  was  also  one  of  his  exact  contemporaries  at  Eton. 

8 


In  1877  he  went  with  a  Classical  Scholarship  to  Trinity  College, 
Oxford,  and  read  double  (classics  and  mathematics)  for  the  first 
degree  examination,  and  double  (mathematics  and  physics)  for  the 
final  examination.  But  he  left  Oxford  before  the  final  examination 
in  the  Science  School  in  order  to  prepare  for  a  position  which  was 
about  to  be  established  in  the  Mineral  Department  of  the  British 
Museum.  His  interest  in  mineralogy  had  been  stimulated  at  Ox- 
ford by  Professor  Story-Maskelyne,  whose  lectures  he  attended. 
The  Professor  was  then  a  Member  of  Parliament,  and  came  up 
from  London  to  lecture  to  Miers,  who  was  for  a  time  his  only 
pupil.  He  also  worked  at  the  subject  in  the  long  vacation  at 
Cambridge  and  in  other  vacations  at  the  British  Museum. 

At  the  British  Museum  he  was  a  first-class  assistant  for  twelve 
years,  and  during  that  period  published  about  50  scientific  papers. 
His  teaching  experience  also  began  in  London,  for  he  was  invited 
by  Professor  Armstrong  to  start  the  teaching  of  crystallography  at 
the  neighbouring  Central  Technical  College  (which  has  now  been 
absorbed  in  the  Imperial  College  of  Science  and  Technology). 
This  continued  for  about  nine  years,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  one 
of  his  first  pupils,  W.  J.  Pope,  who  is  now  Professor  of  Chemistry 
at  Cambridge. 

One  of  his  adventures  during  the  period  of  his  assistantship  at 
the  British  Museum  was  an  attempt  (in  1888)  to  make  a  balloon 
voyage  to  Vienna  in  company  with  Simmons,  a  well-known  aeronaut, 
and  a  gentleman  named  Field.  On  approaching  the  coast  of  Essex 
it  was  thought  prudent  to  descend,  as  the  wind  was  in  a  too- 
northerly  direction.  The  balloon,  which  was  a  very  large  one,  was 
safely  anchored  to  a  tree,  and  the  occupants  of  the  car  fell  about  60 
feet.  Simmons  was  killed  and  Field  had  both  legs  broken.  Miers, 
although  severely  bruised,  sustained  no  permanent  injury. 

In  1895  a  letter  which  he  wrote  to  Sir  William  Ramsey,  im- 
mediately after  the  meeting  of  the  Royal  Society  at  which  Ramsey 
and  Rayleigh  announced  the  discovery  of  argon,  advising  him  to 
examine  the  mineral  cleveite  for  compounds  of  argon,  led  to  the 
unexpected  discovery  of  helium. 

In  the  same  year  Miers  gave  some  lectures  for  Story-Maskelyne 
at  Oxford,  and  in  1896  succeeded  him,  on  his  retirement  as  Wayn- 
flete  Professor  of  Mineralogy,  becoming  thereby  a  Fellow  of  Mag- 
dalen College,  where  he  lived  for  the  next  twelve  years. 

At  Oxford  he  created  a  Department  of  Mineralogy,  developed 
a  small  school  of  research,  and  published  a  number  of  papers  of 


which  the  more  important  (mostly  in  conjunction  with  Miss  F. 
Isaac)  related  to  spontaneous  crystallization.  Among  his  other 
pupils  were  Dr.  Herbert  Smith,  of  the  British  Museum,  Dr.  H.  L. 
Bowman,  who  succeeded  him  as  Professor,  Mr.  T.  V.  Barker,  now 
University  Lecturer  in  Crystallography,  the  Earl  of  Berkeley  and 
his  scientific  colleague,  Mr.  E.  G.  Hartley.  In  1902  he  published 
a  text-book  on  mineralogy  which  has  been  much  used  in  the  United 
States. 

He  took  a  considerable  share  in  the  administration  of  the  Uni- 
versity, and  was  a  member  of  the  Hebdomadal  Council  and  a  Dele- 
gate of  the  University  Press.  In  1902  he  succeeded  the  late  Sir 
E.  B.  Tylor,  the  anthropologist,  as  Secretary  of  the  University 
Museum,  becoming  thus  responsible  for  its  administration. 

In  1908  he  became  Principal  of  the  University  of  London,  in 
succession  to  the  late  Sir  Arthur  Riicker.  During  the  greater  part 
of  his  period  of  office  the  Royal  Commission  on  University  Educa- 
tion in  London  was  taking  evidence,  and  its  report,  recommending 
a  large  scheme  of  reconstitution,  was  only  published  in  1913. 

Among  the  many  activities  of  the  University  he  associated  him- 
self especially  with  the  Tutorial  Classes  for  Working  People,  with 
whom  his  ready  speech  and  never-failing  humour  made  him  exceed- 
ingly popular.  His  lectures  at  the  Working  Men's  College,  which 
was  founded  some  70  years  ago  by  Maurice,  Tom  Hughes  (the 
author  of  "Tom  Brown's  Schooldays"),  Furnivall  and  Westlake, 
were  events  to  be  remembered.  He  also  tried  to  gather  up  the 
scattered  units  of  the  very  complicated  University  of  London,  such, 
for  example,  as  the  College  of  Household  and  Social  Science  for 
Women,  the  Officers  Training  Corps,  and  the  University  Club. 

He  assisted  Mr.  Albert  Kahn  to  establish  his  British  Travelling 
Fellowships,  and  instituted  a  Board  of  Trustees,  of  which  he  be- 
came a  member  and  Secretary,  consisting  of  the  Lord  Chancellor, 
the  Speaker,  the  Lord  Chief  Justice,  with  Lords  Curzon  and  Milner 
as  coopted  members.  Most  of  the  American  Kahn  Travelling  Fel- 
lows visited  him  in  London  at  the  commencement  of  their  journey. 

He  was  mainly  instrumental  in  bringing  about  the  Congress  of 
the  Universities  of  the  British  Empire,  which  met  in  1912,  and  was 
to  have  met  again  in  five  years.  This  was  prevented  by  the  War, 
but  the  Universities  Bureau  has  come  into  existence  as  the  result 
of  the  Congress  and  will  organize  the  next  Congress  when  the  op- 
portunity arises. 

In  1915  it  was  clear  that  the  War  would  prevent  any  immediate 

10 


reorganization  of  the  University  of  London,  and  Miers  therefore 
accepted  the  invitation  of  the  University  of  Manchester  to  become 
its  Vice-Chancellor.  In  Manchester  he  is  already  associated  with 
many  educational  and  civic  activities  outside  the  University;  he 
is  Chairman  of  the  Joint  Matriculation  Board,  which  determines 
the  admission  of  students  to  the  five  Northern  Universities  and 
examines  and  inspects  secondary  schools  in  their  areas  of  influence; 
also  of  the  Manchester  Royal  College  of  Music,  of  the  Manchester 
Royal  Institution,  and  of  the  newly  formed  Northern  Branch  of 
the  National  Library  for  the  Blind. 

He  has  been  for  many  years  a  Fellow  and  Governor  of  Eton 
College,  and  Fellow  of  Magdalen  College,  Oxford;  was  elected 
a  Fellow  of  the  Royal  Society  in  1896;  has  been  President  of  the 
Mineral ogical  Society,  and  of  the  Geological  and  Educational  Sec- 
tions of  the  British  Association;  is  an  Honourary  Doctor  of  the 
Universities  of  Sheffield  and  Christiania;  was  knighted  in  1912;  was 
a  member  of  the  Treasury  Committee  which  reported  on  the  re- 
form of  the  Civil  Service  Class  I  examinations;  and  is  a  member 
of  the  Committee  appointed  by  the  Prime  Minister  to  report  on 
Adult  Education. 

During  and  since  college  days  he  has  devoted  most  of  his  vaca- 
tion to  foreign  travel.  In  1892,  while  assistant  at  the  British  Mu- 
seum, he  visited  and  reported  on  the  public  and  private  mineral 
collections  of  Norway,  Sweden  and  Russia  and  part  of  Germany. 

In  1901  he  joined  Professor  Coleman  of  Toronto  in  Canada  for 
a  journey  of  exploration  in  the  Northern  Rockies,  but  at  the  invita- 
tion of  the  Canadian  Minister  of  the  Interior  changed  his  plans  and 
visited  and  reported  on  the  gold  mines  of  Klondike,  in  company  with 
Professor  Coleman.  He  had  previously  visited  Canada  and  the 
Pacific  Coast  with  the  British  Association  (spending  some  weeks 
also  in  the  United  States)  in  1897;  and  was  there  again  with  the 
International  Geological  Congress  in  1913. 

He  visited  a  great  part  of  South  Africa  on  the  invitation  of  the 
Rhodes  Trustees  and  the  Johannesburg  Council  of  Education  in 
1903,  and  was  personally  concerned  in  the  first  appointments  made  in 
the  Transvaal  Technical  Institute  which  afterwards  became  the 
Transvaal  University  College.  A  second  visit  to  South  Africa 
with  the  British  Association  took  place  in  1905. 

Many  of  his  European  journeys  have  been  made  to  places  which 
possess  public  or  private  collections  of  antique  sculpture,  in  which  he 
is  interested. 

11 


THE  REV.  EDWARD  MEWBURN  WALKER 

THE  REV.  EDWARD  MEWBURN  WALKER  has  played 
a  large  part  in  the  life  of  the  University  of  Oxford  during  the 
past  thirty  years.  Senior  Tutor  of  Queen's  College  and  a  member  of 
the  Hebdomadal  Council  which  is  charged  with  the  administrative 
work  of  the  University,  he  illustrates  in  his  own  person  the  character- 
istic feature  of  the  two  ancient  British  universities — the  federation  of 
a  number  of  autonomous  colleges  into  a  larger  corporation.  Each  of 
the  colleges  makes  its  own  regulations  as  to  residence  and  discipline, 
within  limits  prescribed  by  the  University.  It  is  largely  responsible 
for  teaching  and  conducts  its  own  examinations;  whereas  the  Uni- 
versity alone  prescribes  and  conducts  the  examinations  for  degrees. 

Mr.  Walker's  scholastic  interests  lie  in  the  field  of  Ancient  His- 
tory, and  particularly  Greek  History,  on  its  constitutional  side. 
On  this  subject  he  has  contributed  many  articles  to  the  Encyclo- 
pedia Britannica  and  other  publications  and  has  written  a  book  on 
the  Hellenica  Oxyrhynchia,  its  authorship  and  authority.  He  has 
acted  as  Examiner  in  the  Final  Honours  School  of  Literae  Human- 
iores  on  nine  occasions.  He  represented  the  University  at  the  In- 
ternational Historical  Congress  held  in  Berlin  in  1908. 

Mr.  Walker  is  a  clergyman  of  the  Church  of  England  and  has 
been  Select  Preacher  on  several  occasions  to  the  University  of 
Oxford. 

Since  the  commencement  of  the  War  British  universities  have 
devoted  much  thought  to  the  organization  of  advanced  study  and 
research  and,  consequently,  to  the  encouragement  of  the  migration 
from  other  countries  of  students  who  wish  to  follow  post-graduate 
courses  and  to  qualify  for  the  doctor's  degree.  In  this  movement 
Mr.  Walker  has  taken  a  very  active  part.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Committee  of  Advanced  Studies,  which  includes  scholars  of  eminence, 
such  as  Sir  Paul  VinogradofJ,  Professors  Firth,  A.  C.  Clarke  and 
Sir  Gilbert  Murray.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Committee  of  the 
Hebdomadal  Council  which  drew  up  the  statutes  for  the  new  degree 
of  Ph.D.,  and  was  commissioned  by  Council  to  introduce  the  various 
measures  therewith  connected  to  Congregation,  the  legislative  body 
of  the  University.  He  represented  Oxford  at  the  Conference  of 
Universities,  which,  in  May  of  this  year,  met  in  London  to  con- 
sider the  whole  question  of  post-graduate  study  and  its  recognition 
by  the  conferring  of  degrees. 

12 


SIR  HENRY  JONES 

SIR  HENRY  JONES,  the  Professor  of  Moral  Philosophy  in 
Glasgow  University,  is,  as  his  name  implies,  a  Welshman.  He 
is,  in  fact,  one  of  Mr.  Lloyd  George's  oldest  personal  friends,  and 
as  the  Prime  Minister  is  the  greatest  living  representative  of  Welsh 
political  life,  so  Sir  Henry  Jones  is  regarded  in  Wales  as  the  greatest 
representative  of  literary  and  academic  Wales.  Many  of  his  most 
brilliant  addresses  have  been  given  and  published  in  Welsh,  and 
his  annual  visits  to  his  native  country  have  almost  invariably  been 
the  occasion  of  great  meetings  of  Welsh  men  and  women  at  which 
Sir  Henry  spoke  on  some  of  the  pressing  problems  of  citizenship. 

Sir  Henry's  life  story  is  as  romantic  as  that  of  any  man  in  these 
islands.  Like  Mr.  Lloyd  George,  he  has  won  his  high  position  from 
very  humble  beginnings.  His  father  was  a  cobbler  in  a  small 
North  Wales  village,  and  the  son  was  early  apprenticed  to  his 
father's  trade.  It  is  still  his  boast  that  he  "can  make  a  shoe  with 
any  man  in  Glasgow."  But  the  Welsh  passion  for  learning  burned 
in  the  boy's  heart.  Before  and  after  his  day's  work  he  was  at  his 
books,  training  himself  arduously  to  enter  upon  the  teaching  profes- 
sion. After  several  years  of  study  he  went  to  the  Normal  College 
in  Bangor,  North  Wales,  whence  he  passed  out  as  a  schoolmaster. 
After  two  years  of  teaching  in  a  South  Wales  village — still  mem- 
orable in  the  records  of  the  township — he  won  a  scholarship  to 
Glasgow  University,  where  he  speedily  became  the  foremost  student 
in  the  great  philosophical  school  of  which  Edward  Caird  was  then 
the  head.  Scholarships  and  fellowships  fell  to  the  young  Welsh- 
man, and  after  a  short  period  of  study  in  Germany  he  returned 
to  his  native  country,  first  as  a  lecturer  in  the  College  at  Aberyst- 
wyth,  and  then  as  Professor  of  Philosophy  in  the  University  College 
of  North  Wales.  From  North  Wales  he  went  to  Scotland  as  Pro- 
fessor of  Logic  in  the  University  of  St.  Andrews;  and  finally,  in 
1894,  on  the  election  of  Edward  Caird  to  the  Mastership  of  Balliol 
College,  Oxford,  Henry  Jones  entered  upon  the  tenure  of  the 
chair  of  his  teacher  in  Glasgow  which  he  still  holds. 

With  so  fine  a  record  of  struggle  and  success  it  was  certain 
that  the  young  professor  would  become  a  great  force  in  the  intellec- 
tual life  of  Scotland.  Year  after  year  his  class-room  was  crowded 
at  8  o'clock  in  the  morning — with  200  young  men  and  women,  the 
teachers  and  preachers  of  the  country,  all  wraptly  under  the  spell 
of  his  personality  and  his  philosophical  teaching.  Humour  and  Celtic 

13 


eloquence  and  poetry  half  concealed  and  half  revealed  a  profoundly 
serious  purpose.  His  own  intensity  of  conviction  and  utterance,  and 
the  devotion  to  the  most  arduous  work  which  he  exacted  from  his 
students,  combined  to  give  him  a  unique  position  even  among  the 
great  succession  of  Scottish  philosophical  teachers.  His  pupils  are 
to  be  found  not  only  in  the  schoolhouses  and  manses  of  Scotland,  but 
in  the  universities  of  Great  Britain  and  of  the  Empire,  and  of  the 
United  States  of  America.  Two,  at  least,  of  the  Princeton  profes- 
soriate were  pupils  of  Sir  Henry  Jones. 

Sir  Henry  has  himself  lectured  in  several  of  the  American  uni- 
versities. Shortly  before  the  War  he  took  part  in  the  celebration 
of  the  opening  of  the  Rice  Institute  in  Houston,  Texas,  and 
spoke  on  that  occasion  at  many  university  functions  in  the  Eastern 
States.  He  has  lectured  in  Australia,  and  travelled  in  many  parts 
of  the  British  Dominions.  His  writings  are  well  known  in  all  parts 
of  the  English-speaking  world.  His  work  on  Browning  won  early 
fame,  and  it  was  followed  by  his  "Lotze,"  his  "Idealism"  and  his 
many  studies  of  the  application  of  his  philosophy  to  problems  of 
citizen  life  and  duty.  Sir  Henry's  main  interest  all  his  life  has  been 
in  raising  the  level  of  intelligent  citizenship,  and  in  pleading  for  a 
study  of  the  mind  of  man  as  resolute  and  as  sincere  and  as  scientific 
as  the  study  of  the  material  world. 

As  might  be  expected  from  one  who  has  thought  so  long  and 
deeply  on  social  things,  Sir  Henry  has  thrown  himself  whole-heartedly 
into  the  struggle  with  German  militarism.  By  pen  and  voice  he 
took  part  in  the  great  campaign  to  raise  the  voluntary  armies  of 
Great  Britain,  and  his  addresses  in  Wales — appeals  not  to  passion  or 
interest,  but  to  the  high  ideals  of  citizen  life — stirred  that  country 
to  a  great  response.  And,  unhappily,  the  War  has  cost  him  much 
sorrow  and  anxiety  in  his  family  life.  All  his  three  sons  went  to 
the  righting  line.  The  eldest — a  brilliant  Civil  Servant  in  India-r- 
joined  the  native  corps  of  artillery  as  a  private,  but  was  raised  to 
a  commission  while  on  service  in  Mesopotamia.  He  was  with  Gen- 
eral Townshend  in  the  ill-fated  rush  to  Baghdad,  and  shared  the 
General's  fate  by  being  captured  at  Kut.  For  over  two  years,  now, 
he  has  been  suffering  great  hardships  in  Turkey.  The  second  son, 
a  Captain  in  the  Indian  Medical  Service,  won  the  D.  S.  O.  for 
great  gallantry  in  Mesopotamia,  and  soon  afterwards  was  invalided 
back  to  India,  though  he  has  now  returned  to  the  front.  The 
youngest  son,  who  had  won  the  Military  Cross  with  bar  during  his 
service  in  France,  fought  furiously  at  the  head  of  his  machine-gun 

14 


company  to  resist  the  German  onslaught  on  the  British  lines  at  the 
Lys  in  April  of  this  year.  He  was  last  seen  lying  wounded  in 
Estaires  when  the  British  had  to  evacuate  the  village  before  the 
overwhelming  German  masses,  and  no  more  news  has  been  heard  of 
him  since  that  date. 

Many  honours  have  fallen  to  Sir  Henry.  He  is  an  LL.D.  of 
St.  Andrews,  a  D.  Litt.  of  the  University  of  Wales,  a  Fellow  of 
the  British  Academy.  He  served  nine  years  as  Hibbert  Lecturer 
in  Metaphysics  in  Manchester  College,  Oxford.  He  gave  the 
Tennyson  Centenary  lecture  of  the  British  Academy,  and  has  held 
many  of  the  foundational  lectureships  of  British  universities  and 
learned  societies.  He  received  the  honour  of  knighthood  in  1912. 


DR.  JOHN  JOLY 

JOHN  JOLY,   M.A.,  B.A.,  Engineering,  D.Sc.,  has  been  Pro- 
fessor of  Geology  and  Mineralogy  in  the  University  of  Dublin 
for  the  past  20  years.     He  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1857  and  edu- 
cated at  Trinity  College,  in  which  he  held  various  subordinate  posts 
before  his  appointment  to  the  chair  which  he  now  occupies. 

For  more  than  30  years  he  has  carried  on  research  in  physics, 
and  especially  in  the  application  of  physics  to  engineering,  but  his 
exceedingly  ingenious  mind  has  led  him  down  many  by-paths  in 
search  of  the  solution  of  problems  of  general  interest: 

One  of  his  earliest  inventions  was  the  steam  calorimeter,  by  means 
of  which  he  succeeded  in  determining  directly  the  specific  heats  of 
gases  at  constant  volume.  This  was  a  problem  in  experimental 
science  which  had  long  baffled  physicists.  Having  invented  the  calor- 
imeter, Joly  turned  it  to  excellent  account  in  the  examination  of 
a  variety  of  gases  over  a  wide  range  of  pressure  and  temperature. 
Distinguished  as  a  physicist,  he  is  more  widely  known  as  a 
pioneer  in  the  modern  method  of  photography  in  colours.  He  was 
the  first  in  1897  to  take  successful  photographs  in  natural  colours 
by  the  use  of  a  minutely-subdivided  screen  carrying  the  three  primary 
colours.  On  a  plate  exposed  behind  this  screen  he  obtained,  in  effect, 
three  negatives  on  the  same  plate.  A  transparency  made  from  this 
plate,  when  placed  in  an  optical  lantern  behind  a  screen  similarly 
ruled  in  red,  green  and  blue  lines,  displayed  the  objects  photographed 
in  their  natural  colours.  This  experiment  led,  ten  years  later,  to 
the  development  of  the  well-known  and  very  efficient  Lumiere  process 

15 


on  which  coloured  starch  grains  are  substituted  for  Joly's  coloured 
lines. 

The  ascent  of  sap  in  trees  is  another  subject  which  has  occupied 
his  attention,  in  conjunction  with  Henry  H.  Dixon,  the  Professor 
of  Botany  of  Trinity  College.  He  offered  a  simple  explanation  of 
this  phenomenon.  The  theory  then  put  forward  attributes  the  as- 
cent of  the  sap  to  transpiration  from  the  leaves  of  the  tree  and  the 
tensile  strength  or  cohesion  of  the  fluid  in  its  capillary  tubes. 

Another  matter  of  very  great  general  interest  was  dealt  with  by 
Joly  when  he  determined  the  age  of  the  ocean  by  estimating  the 
amount  of  common  salt  carried  to  it  by  the  rivers  and  calculating 
the  length  of  time  that  must  have  elapsed  in  order  that  the  salt  in 
sea  water  should  have  acquired  its  present  concentration. 

Sections  of  various  kinds  of  rock  show  remarkable  little  rainbow- 
coloured  circles.  Joly  was  the  first  to  prove  that  these  rainbow-like 
circles  or  pleo-chroic  haloes  occur  about  particles  of  salts  of  the 
rare  metals  uranium  and  thorium;  metals  which  are  always  under- 
going decomposition  into  elements  of  lower  atomic  weight.  The 
haloes  are  due  to  the  bombardment  of  the  substance  of  the  rock  by 
the  radio-active  particles  discharged  from  the  heavy  elements.  The 
rate  of  transformation  of  uranium  and  thorium  into  these  radio- 
active substances  being  known,  it  has  been  possible  to  calculate  the 
length  of  time  necessary  for  the  formation  of  the  haloes  and  there- 
fore the  age  of  the  rocks. 

Joly  has  been  a  pioneer  in  the  applications  of  radio-activity  to 
geological  phenomena,  e.  g.  the  origin  of  mountain  ranges. 

The  late  Professor  Lowell's  book  on  Mars  led  Joly  to  offer  a 
relatively  simple  explanation  of  the  canals  of  Schiaparelli.  He  at- 
tributed them  to  the  gravitational  effects  of  small  satellites  falling 
into  the  planet. 

Even  biological  problems  have  engaged  the  versatile  Professor's 
attention.  In  a  book  entitled  "The  Abundance  of  Life"  he  sub- 
mits a  dynamic  basis  for  evolution. 

His  interest  in  radio-activity  led  him  at  an  early  date  to  sug- 
gest the  insertion  of  radium  into  cancers,  and  recently — in  con- 
junction with  Captain  William  Stevenson,  R.  A.  M.  C. — he  sug- 
gested the  use  of  emanation  needles,  which  he  invented,  for  thera- 
peutic purposes. 

Joly  has  for  many  years  been  a  keen  yachtsman,  and  recently 
has  devoted  much  time  to  problems  connected  with  submarine  war- 
fare. He  has  suggested  many  applications  of  modern  science  to 

16 


navigation,   and   especially  those  dependent  upon  the  principles   of 
synchronous  signalling. 

In  his  own  university  Professor  Joly  is  known  as  a  reformer, 
being  largely  responsible  for  various  recent  changes.  He  became 
secretary  to  the  Academic  Council  on  the  death  of  Professor  Edward 
Dovvden,  the  Shakespearean  scholar. 

During  the  rebellion  in  1915  he  took  an  active  part  in  the  defense 
of  the  College.  An  account  from  his  pen  of  this  episode  appeared 
in  "Blackwood's  Magazine."  He  is  a  Commissioner  of  Irish  Lights. 
He  is  Warden  of  the  Alexandra  College  for  Women.  For  many 
years  he  has  been  Secretary  of  the  Royal  Dublin  Society.  He  is  a 
Fellow  of  the  Royal  Society.  In  1910  he  received  from  the  Society 
a  Royal  Medal.  In  1911  he  received  a  Royal  Medal  from  the 
Royal  Dublin  Society. 

Among  his  many  publications  are  to  be  noted — Radio-activity  and 
Geology,  Synchronous  Signalling  in  Navigation,  The  Birth-time  of 
the  World,  and  a  vast  number  of  contributions  to  various  scientific 
journals,  notably  to  the  "Philosophical  Magazine,"  of  which  he  has 
been  one  of  the  editors  for  many  years. 

[N.  B. — Owing  to  the  late  date  of  the  announcement  of  the 
ladies  designated  as  members  of  the  Mission,  it  has  not  been  possible 
to  procure  from  England  adequate  accounts  of  their  careers.] 


Miss  CAROLINE  SPURGEON 

MISS  CAROLINE  SPURGEON,  a  daughter  of  the  late  Cap- 
tain Christopher  Spurgeon  of  Twyford,  Norfolk,  was  edu- 
cated at  Cheltenham  College,  Dresden,  Paris,  and  at  King's  College 
and  University  College,  London  (where  she  was  Quain  Essayist 
and  Morley  Medallist).  In  1899  she  won  First  Class  Final  English 
Honours  at  Oxford.  From  1901  to  1913  she  was  Assistant  Lec- 
turer or  Lecturer  in  English  at  Bedford  College  for  Women.  She 
is  now  Professor  of  English  Literature  at  the  University  of  London, 
Head  of  the  Department  of  English  Literature  at  Bedford  College, 
Fellow  of  King's  College  for  Women,  London,  and  Fellow  of  the 
Royal  Society  of  Literature. 

Miss  Spurgeon  is  best  known  in  the  United  States  as  the  author 
of  a  notable  book  "Five  Hundred  Years  of  Chaucer  Criticism  and 
Allusion,"  the  first  part  of  which  was  published  by  the  Chaucer 

17 


Society  in  1914.  This  'book  is  based  on  a  thesis  on  the  same  sub- 
ject, published  in  French  in  1911,  for  which  Miss  Spurgeon  obtained 
the  degree  of  Docteur  de  1'Universite  de  Paris.  Miss  Spurgeon  has 
also  edited  Richard  Brathwait's  Comments  and  The  Castle  of 
Otranto,  besides  making  contributions  to  the  Cambridge  History  of 
English  Literature,  the  Quarterly  Review,  the  Revue  Germanique, 
etc.  No  English  woman  is  more  highly  esteemed  as  a  student  of 
English  literature. 


MISS  ROSE  SIDGWICK 

MISS  ROSE  SIDGWICK,  a  graduate  of  Somerville  College 
Oxford,  is  now  Lecturer  in  Ancient  History  at  the  University 
of  Birmingham.  The  Journal  of  Education  in  announcing  her 
earlier  appointment  as  Assistant  Lecturer,  in  1905-1906,  remarked: 
"The  appointment  of  Miss  Sidgwick  has  perhaps  a  special  interest, 
as  it  has  not  yet  often  happened  that  women  have  been  appointed 
to  academic  posts  after  an  open  competition  with  men."  Miss  Sidg- 
wick will  undoubtedly  be  greatly  interested  in  the  large  part  women 
are  playing  in  higher  education  in  America. 


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